ECONOMIC MODELS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER SUPPLY MARKET: POSSIBILITIES FOR APPLICATION IN REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

The article is devoted to the study of economic models of water supply market development and analysis of their applicability in the Republic of Tajikistan. Water supply is considered a strategic sector that influences sustainable socio-economic growth, industrial development, agriculture, tourism, and improvement of the population's quality of life. The paper reveals key approaches to organizing the water services market—the state model, the utilities system, public-private partnerships, and privatized structures—with an emphasis on their economic efficiency, tariff policy, investment mechanisms, and risk management. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of foreign reforms in the water supply sector: liberalization of the utilities sector in Europe, introduction of PPPs, increasing the investment attractiveness of infrastructure projects, and the use of economic regulation tools and benchmarking. Using the example of EU countries, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, and Scandinavian countries, the paper examines modern mechanisms for setting tariffs, approaches to the financial sustainability of water companies, models for reducing costs, and optimizing infrastructure. The economic consequences of market mechanisms stand out: changes in the cost structure, the risk of social differentiation, the impact of investments on tariff levels, and the potential for increasing efficiency and productivity.

economic models, water supply market, water supply infrastructure, tariff policy, investments, public-private partnerships, sustainable management, international experience.

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